abstract：:When waist circumference is taken into account, larger hip circumference is associated with reduced risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The authors investigated the prospective association of hip circumference with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence in a biracial cohort of men...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Parker ED,Pereira MA,Stevens J,Folsom AR

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Before the 1970s, today's older Americans were exposed to high levels of lead in the environment. The authors previously reported that lifetime cumulative lead dose was associated with lower cognitive test performance in older adults. Experiments suggest that environmental stress may intensify the detrimental influenc...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Glass TA,Bandeen-Roche K,McAtee M,Bolla K,Todd AC,Schwartz BS

更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) provides a useful metric of departure from additivity of effects on a relative risk scale. In this paper, the authors show that RERI is identical to the product term in a linear odds ratio or a linear relative risk model. SAS and STATA codes are provided for fitting a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Richardson DB,Kaufman JS

更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal arteriolar narrowing is a marker of microvascular damage from elevated blood pressure. Between August 2004 and June 2006, the authors examined the association between retinal vascular diameter and chronic kidney disease in a population-based cohort of 3,280 community-dwelling adults of Malay ethnicity aged 40-...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Sabanayagam C,Shankar A,Koh D,Chia KS,Saw SM,Lim SC,Tai ES,Wong TY

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the association between long working hours and cognitive function in middle age. Data were collected in 1997-1999 (baseline) and 2002-2004 (follow-up) from a prospective study of 2,214 British civil servants who were in full-time employment at baseline and had data on cognitive tests and covariates...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Virtanen M,Singh-Manoux A,Ferrie JE,Gimeno D,Marmot MG,Elovainio M,Jokela M,Vahtera J,Kivimäki M

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prior reports regarding the association between physical activity and subclinical cardiovascular disease have not been consistent. The authors assessed physical activity and walking pace via questionnaire among 6,482 US adults aged 45-84 years without prior clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the Multi-Et...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bertoni AG,Whitt-Glover MC,Chung H,Le KY,Barr RG,Mahesh M,Jenny NS,Burke GL,Jacobs DR

更新日期：2009-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined associations between exposure to aluminum or silica from drinking water and risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease among elderly subjects followed for 15 years (1988-2003). They actively searched for incident cases of dementia among persons aged 65 years or over living in 91 ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Rondeau V,Jacqmin-Gadda H,Commenges D,Helmer C,Dartigues JF

更新日期：2009-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors examined the associations of hostility measured in adulthood with subsequent body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) assessed at 4 time points over a 19-year period (1985-2004) in a United Kingdom cohort study. A total of 6,484 participants (4,494 men and 1,990 women) aged 35-55 years at baseline ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Nabi H,Kivimaki M,Sabia S,Dugravot A,Lajnef M,Marmot MG,Singh-Manoux A

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive literature exists on potential risk factors for childhood asthma. To the authors' knowledge, no investigators have yet attempted to disentangle the effects of those determinants within a single study setting. The authors aimed to evaluate the independent effects of 47 potential determinants (from the prenata...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Martel MJ,Rey E,Malo JL,Perreault S,Beauchesne MF,Forget A,Blais L

更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:As a scientific discipline, epidemiology has helped liberate the practice of public health and medicine from dogmatic thinking over the past century. This commentary highlights some integrating principles to explain why epidemiology is a problem-solving discipline. The first of these is that epidemiology is an informa...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Armenian HK

更新日期：2009-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many neural tube defects can be prevented if women take folic acid around the time of conception. However, the majority of women do not take folic acid at the critical time, so the US government required that food be fortified with folic acid effective January 1, 1998. Whether the amount being added was sufficient to ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Mills JL,Carter TC

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, the authors use the rubric of "coarsened data," of which missing and censored data are special cases, to motivate the elicitation and use of expert information for performing sensitivity analyses of censored event-time data. Elicited information is important because observed data are insufficient to est...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Shardell M,Scharfstein DO,Vlahov D,Galai N

更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated independent effects of maternal and paternal age on risk of autism spectrum disorder. A case-cohort design was implemented using data from 10 US study sites participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. The 1994 birth co...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Durkin MS,Maenner MJ,Newschaffer CJ,Lee LC,Cunniff CM,Daniels JL,Kirby RS,Leavitt L,Miller L,Zahorodny W,Schieve LA

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoking is irrefutably the strongest risk factor for lung cancer; however, approximately 25% of cases worldwide occur among nonsmokers. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate of lung cancer in Shanghai, a region where relatively few women smoke cigarettes, is one of the highest in the world. To help further ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Weiss JM,Lacey JV Jr,Shu XO,Ji BT,Hou L,Yang G,Li H,Rothman N,Blair A,Gao YT,Chow WH,Zheng W

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When researching racial disparities in health, residential segregation cannot be ignored. Because of segregation, contextual differences by race are so pronounced that ignoring them may lead to mis-estimating the effect of individual-level factors. However, given the stark racial separation of social contexts, researc...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Acevedo-Garcia D,Osypuk TL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence support the notion that elevated blood viscosity may predispose to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus by limiting delivery of glucose, insulin, and oxygen to metabolically active tissues. To test this hypothesis, the authors analyzed longitudinal data on 12,881 initially nondiabe...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tamariz LJ,Young JH,Pankow JS,Yeh HC,Schmidt MI,Astor B,Brancati FL

更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate strategies used to select cases and controls and how reported odds ratios are interpreted, the authors examined 150 case-control studies published in leading general medicine, epidemiology, and clinical specialist journals from 2001 to 2007. Most of the studies (125/150; 83%) were based on incident cases; ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Knol MJ,Vandenbroucke JP,Scott P,Egger M

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a group of chronic diseases of unknown etiology related to both genetic and environmental factors. In this 1990-1993 study, the authors investigated associations between the content and quality of drinking water and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. They used data from a...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Aamodt G,Bukholm G,Jahnsen J,Moum B,Vatn MH,IBSEN Study Group.

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) are measures of subclinical vascular disease. This 2000-2006 study aimed to characterize the associations among coronary artery disease risk factors, CAC quantity, and CIMT and to estimate shared genetic and environmental contr...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Rampersaud E,Bielak LF,Parsa A,Shen H,Post W,Ryan KA,Donnelly P,Rumberger JA,Sheedy PF 2nd,Peyser PA,Shuldiner AR,Mitchell BD

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of weight in middle-aged men and subsequent weight change on the risk of osteoporosis three decades later. The authors utilized data from 1,476 Norwegian men participating in two health screenings in Oslo (1972-1973 and 2000-2001) and Tromsø (1974-1975 and 2001). Heig...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Meyer HE,Søgaard AJ,Falch JA,Jørgensen L,Emaus N

更新日期：2008-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Benign breast disease is associated with increased risk of breast cancer. To further clarify whether there is a genetic link between benign and malignant breast lesions, the authors identified 14,648 first-degree female relatives of 8,807 patients in whom breast cancer was diagnosed at <50 years of age by using Danish...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Bertelsen L,Mellemkjaer L,Balslev E,Olsen JH

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy. These compounds, as ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Chevrier J,Eskenazi B,Holland N,Bradman A,Barr DB

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence for a relation between physical activity and renal cell cancer has been inconsistent. The authors examined physical activity in relation to renal cell cancer in a large, prospective US cohort study of 482,386 participants (289,503 men and 192,883 women) aged 50-71 years at baseline (1995-1996). At baseline, p...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Moore SC,Chow WH,Schatzkin A,Adams KF,Park Y,Ballard-Barbash R,Hollenbeck A,Leitzmann MF

更新日期：2008-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Analgesic use may reduce ovarian cancer risk, possibly through antiinflammatory or antigonadotropic effects. The authors conducted a population-based, case-control study in Washington State that included 812 women aged 35-74 years who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2005 and 1,313 contro...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hannibal CG,Rossing MA,Wicklund KG,Cushing-Haugen KL

更新日期：2008-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain low in Japan despite major dietary changes and worsening cardiovascular risk factors, a situation that should have resulted in a substantial increase in AMI rates (Japanese paradox). The current trend in the incidence of AMI was examined for the p...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Rumana N,Kita Y,Turin TC,Murakami Y,Sugihara H,Morita Y,Tomioka N,Okayama A,Nakamura Y,Abbott RD,Ueshima H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The causes of the racial/ethnic disparity in preterm birth (PTB) remain largely unknown; traditional risk factors such as smoking and prenatal care fail to account for it. The authors examined whether living in metropolitan areas (MAs) with high levels of residential racial segregation along multiple dimensions (hyper...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Osypuk TL,Acevedo-Garcia D

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The literature concerning social capital and health has grown exponentially during the past somewhat more than 10 years. The study by Kouvonen et al. (Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1143-1151) is a longitudinal multilevel analysis of 33,577 public sector employees in Finland. The study shows a significant association between...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Lindström M

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The association between infections occurring in the first 2 years of life and development of eczema was investigated in 1,782 control children from a national population-based case-control study in the United Kingdom conducted over the period 1991-1996. Dates of eczema and infectious diagnoses were ascertained from co...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Hughes AM,Crouch S,Lightfoot T,Ansell P,Simpson J,Roman E

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce lung cancer risk. Dietary boron may have actions similar to those of HRT; however, no previous study has reported the associations between dietary boron intake and lung cancer risk or the joint effects of boron intake and HRT use on lung cancer risk. The authors examined th...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Mahabir S,Spitz MR,Barrera SL,Dong YQ,Eastham C,Forman MR

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although randomized controlled trials are regarded as the gold standard for comparison of treatments, evidence from observational studies is still relevant. To cope with the problem of possible confounding in these studies, investigators need methods for analyzing their results which adjust for confounders and lead to...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Schmoor C,Caputo A,Schumacher M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is growing interest in understanding how food environments affect diet, but characterizing the food environment is challenging. The authors investigated the relation between global diet measures (an empirically derived "fats and processed meats" (FPM) dietary pattern and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Moore LV,Diez Roux AV,Nettleton JA,Jacobs DR Jr

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical functioning measures are considered integrated markers of the aging process. This prospective investigation examined relations between dietary intake of women at midlife in 1996-1997 and prevalence of physical functioning limitations 4 years later, defined by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36. The samp...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Tomey KM,Sowers MR,Crandall C,Johnston J,Jannausch M,Yosef M

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecologic (aggregate) data are widely available and widely utilized in epidemiologic studies. However, ecologic bias, which arises because aggregate data cannot characterize within-group variability in exposure and confounder variables, can only be removed by supplementing ecologic data with individual-level data. Here...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Wakefield J,Haneuse SJ

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors evaluated the association of complexity of work with data, people, and things with the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, while adjusting for work-related physical activity. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging is a 10-year populat...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Kröger E,Andel R,Lindsay J,Benounissa Z,Verreault R,Laurin D

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is the influence of various methods of handling missing data (complete case analyses, single imputation within and over trials, and multiple imputations within and over trials) on the subgroup effects of individual patient data meta-analyses? An empirical data set was used to compare these five methods regarding ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Koopman L,van der Heijden GJ,Grobbee DE,Rovers MM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current hypotheses consonant with the peak in leukemia incidence in early childhood point to an infectious etiology. The authors examined the effect of postnatal exposures predicted to affect early immune functioning, including childhood vaccinations, illness, medication use, and breastfeeding patterns. Children 0-15 ...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： MacArthur AC,McBride ML,Spinelli JJ,Tamaro S,Gallagher RP,Theriault GP

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After screening out inappropriate or doubtful covariates on the basis of background knowledge, one may still be left with many potential confounders. It is then tempting to use statistical variable-selection methods to reduce the number used for adjustment. Nonetheless, there is no agreement on how selection should be...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Greenland S

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To quantify nonresponse bias and estimate its potential impact, the authors compared census-based socioeconomic and demographic factors and geographic locations among respondents and nonrespondents in a multicenter case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1998-2000). Using a geographic information system, the autho...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Shen M,Cozen W,Huang L,Colt J,De Roos AJ,Severson RK,Cerhan JR,Bernstein L,Morton LM,Pickle L,Ward MH

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While studies show that ultrafine and fine particles can be translocated from the lungs to the central nervous system, the possible neurodegenerative effect of air pollution remains largely unexplored. The authors examined the relation between black carbon, a marker for traffic particles, and cognition among 202 Bosto...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Suglia SF,Gryparis A,Wright RO,Schwartz J,Wright RJ

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined individual and household socioeconomic status (SES) in relation to phenotypes of neural tube defects, orafacial clefts, and conotruncal heart defects using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study with 2,551 nonmalformed liveborn controls and 1,841 cases delivered in 1997-2000. The ind...

journal_title：American journal of epidemiology

authors： Yang J,Carmichael SL,Canfield M,Song J,Shaw GM,National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00